Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the force of the blood against artery walls is consistently too high. It increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and other complications. Causes of Hypertension 1. Primary (Essential) Hypertension  Develops over time due to genetics, aging, and lifestyle factors. 2. Secondary Hypertension  Caused by underlying conditions like kidney disease, thyroid disorders, or medication side effects.